Xanax works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA is responsible for calming nerve activity, so increasing its effects can produce a calming and sedative effect.

Xanax is commonly prescribed for the treatment of anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. It may also be used in the short-term management of insomnia, as well as for certain medical conditions like muscle spasms or seizures.