Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors increasingly observed in pediatric populations. The diagnosis of pediatric MetS remains somewhat unclear due to varying definitions.

Objective: This systematic review aims to assess definitions, risk factors, and management strategies for pediatric MetS based on current literature.

Methods: A literature search was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane.

Results: These studies demonstrated that there is no international consensus on how pediatric MetS should be defined. There is emerging evidence supporting spectrum-based diagnostic criteria rather than binary classification. A multidisciplinary approach remains key to managing MetS. Gaps in the literature exist in understanding socioeconomic influences, the effects of psychotropic medications, and long-term outcomes. Longitudinal research is needed to bridge these gaps and optimize diagnosis and treatment strategies.